Public evidence metadata · SEM-EVIDENCE-0009

Forward-Voltage Signatures in Electronic Component Failure Analysis

This paper examines ten anonymized semiconductor and optoelectronic failure-analysis cases and organizes their electrical behavior into practical forward-voltage signature classes. It distinguishes near-zero voltage, open or elevated voltage, current-dependent elevation, depressed voltage, and nominal voltage with degraded function. The central engineering lesson is that forward voltage is a strong triage and localization measurement, but not a stand-alone root-cause determination. Controlled current and temperature, matched references, functional observations, and targeted physical analysis are needed to support a defensible conclusion.