{
    "query": "transformer",
    "total": 1,
    "limit": 10,
    "catalog_generated_at": "2026-11-04T18:23:57.969629+00:00",
    "results": [
        {
            "report_id": "SEM-EVIDENCE-0024",
            "slug": "failure-analysis-of-electrical-transformers",
            "title": "Failure Analysis of Electrical Transformers: Construction and Failure Mechanisms",
            "abstract": "Learn transformer failure analysis through SLI case evidence, from basic schematics and construction drawings to electrical tests, winding microsections and SEM images. The illustrated paper explains open windings, interwinding shorts, dielectric breakdown, conductor spacing, lead fatigue, fretting corrosion, lead finishes and surrounding-circuit faults. Measurements and physical findings connect each electrical symptom with the failure mechanism and the engineering response.",
            "failure_modes": [
                "open winding",
                "interwinding short",
                "dielectric breakdown",
                "lead fatigue",
                "fretting corrosion",
                "ionic leakage"
            ],
            "technologies": [
                "transformers",
                "power converters",
                "winding construction",
                "insulation systems"
            ],
            "materials": [
                "copper magnet wire",
                "wire insulation",
                "dielectric tape",
                "solder",
                "ferrite"
            ],
            "methods": [
                "electrical testing",
                "optical microscopy",
                "radiography",
                "microsectioning",
                "SEM",
                "EDS"
            ],
            "keywords": [
                "transformer failure analysis",
                "winding shorts",
                "open windings",
                "insulation",
                "conductor spacing",
                "fatigue",
                "fretting",
                "SEM",
                "EDS"
            ],
            "audience": [
                "failure-analysis engineers",
                "reliability engineers",
                "design engineers",
                "quality engineers"
            ],
            "availability": [
                "individual_purchase",
                "member_library"
            ],
            "price": {
                "amount": "70.00",
                "currency": "USD"
            },
            "purchase_url": "https://www.semlab.com/papers.html#catalog",
            "page_url": "https://www.semlab.com/reports/failure-analysis-of-electrical-transformers.html",
            "author": "Ed Hare, PhD",
            "publisher": "SEM Lab, Inc.",
            "date_modified": "2026-11-04"
        }
    ]
}